Representations. Painting, Mapping, Re-inventing the Seas of the World
Résumé
How was the sea represented during the Middle Ages? The sea is often represented in
medieval art as the natural backdrop to an historical or religious scene, where it might carry a
symbolic dimension. It is also depicted in scientific works dealing with the elements and
nature, and finally, in diverse forms of cartography. The representation of the extent and
shape of the world’s seas and oceans thus reflects simultaneously general geographical
knowledge as well as the experience of the reality of that space. Consequently, this chapter
deals with three main aspects of the representation of the sea in medieval art and cartography:
the iconography of the sea in the visual art of the Mediterranean, modes of mapping the seas
and oceans in Europe and the Islamic world, and finally other perspectives on the sea in East
Asia within the history of trans-Eurasian interactions