J. Adams, M. Clark, L. Ezrow, and G. Glasgow, Understanding Change and Stability in Party Ideologies: Do Parties Respond to Public Opinion or to Past Election Results?, British Journal of Political Science, vol.34, issue.4, pp.589-610, 2004.
DOI : 10.1017/S0007123404000201

M. Aklin, P. Bayer, S. P. Harish, and J. Urpelainen, Understanding environmental policy preferences: New evidence from Brazil, Ecological Economics, vol.94, pp.28-36, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2013.05.012

W. J. Baumol and W. E. Oates, Economics, environmental policy, and the quality of life, 1979.

M. M. Bechtel, T. Bernauer, and R. Meyer, The green side of protectionism: Environmental concerns and three facets of trade policy preferences, Review of International Political Economy, vol.3, issue.2, pp.837-866, 2012.
DOI : 10.2307/2233810

J. K. Boyce, Inequality as a cause of environmental degradation, Ecological Economics, vol.11, issue.3, pp.169-178, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0921-8009(94)90198-8

S. R. Brechin and W. Kempton, Global environmentalism: a challenge to the postmaterialism thesis?, Social Science Quarterly, vol.75, issue.2, pp.245-269, 1994.

I. Budge, A New Spatial Theory of Party Competition: Uncertainty, Ideology and Policy Equilibria Viewed Comparatively and Temporally, British Journal of Political Science, vol.24, issue.04, pp.443-467, 1994.
DOI : 10.1017/S0007123400006955

I. Budge and M. Laver, The Policy Basis of Government Coalitions: A Comparative Investigation, British Journal of Political Science, vol.23, issue.04, pp.499-519, 1993.
DOI : 10.1017/S0007123400006700

M. A. Cole, Trade, the pollution haven hypothesis and the environmental Kuznets curve: examining the linkages, Ecological Economics, vol.48, issue.1, pp.71-81, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2003.09.007

A. Cole, Old right or new right? The ideological positioning of parties of the far right, European Journal of Political Research, vol.22, issue.2, pp.203-230, 2005.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1475-6765.2005.00224.x

S. J. Conroy and T. L. Emerson, A tale of trade-offs: The impact of macroeconomic factors on environmental concern, Journal of Environmental Management, vol.145, pp.88-93, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.05.033

B. R. Copeland and M. S. Taylor, Trade, growth and the environment, National Bureau of Economic Research Working Papers, p.9823, 2003.

E. Costantini and K. Hanf, Environmental concern and lake Tahoe: a study of elite perceptions, backgrounds, and attitudes, Environment and Behavior, vol.4, issue.2, pp.209-242, 1972.

R. A. Dahl, Polyarchy: participation and opposition, 1971.

R. J. Dalton, D. M. Farrell, and I. Mcallister, Political parties and democratic linkage: how parties organize democracy, 2011.
DOI : 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199599356.001.0001

R. J. Dalton, Parties, voters and the environment, Canada-Europe Transatlantic Dialogue Working papers, 2013.

D. Simone, E. Sapio, and A. , What lies behind the promise of fiscal austerity? Unveiling the determinants of party positioning in the EU, London School of Economics Political Science and Political Economy Working Paper Series, 2013.

A. Diekmann and A. Franzen, The Wealth of Nations and Environmental Concern, Environment and Behavior, vol.31, issue.4, pp.540-549, 1999.
DOI : 10.1177/00139169921972227

A. Downs, An Economic Theory of Democracy, 1957.

A. Downs, Up and down with ecology: the issue attention cycle, Public Interest, vol.28, issue.1, pp.38-50, 1972.

R. E. Dunlap, The Impact of Political Orientation On Environmental Attitudes and Actions, Environment and Behavior, vol.7, issue.4, pp.428-453, 1975.
DOI : 10.1177/001391657500700402

R. E. Dunlap and R. P. Gale, Party membership and environmental politics-legislative roll-call analysis, Social Science Quarterly, vol.55, issue.3, pp.670-690, 1974.

R. E. Dunlap, G. H. Gallup-jr, and A. M. Gallup, Of Global Concern, Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development, vol.35, issue.9, pp.7-39, 1993.
DOI : 10.1080/00139157.1993.9929122

R. E. Dunlap and A. G. Mertig, Global environmental concern: an anomaly for postmaterialism, Social Science Quarterly, vol.78, issue.1, pp.24-29, 1997.

R. E. Dunlap and K. D. Van-liere, The ???New Environmental Paradigm???, The Journal of Environmental Education, vol.55, issue.4, pp.10-19, 1978.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.so.02.080176.001113

R. E. Dunlap and R. York, THE GLOBALIZATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN AND THE LIMITS OF THE POSTMATERIALIST VALUES EXPLANATION: Evidence from Four Multinational Surveys, Sociological Quarterly, vol.68, issue.2, pp.529-563, 2008.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1533-8525.2008.00127.x

E. Union, A healthy and sustainable environment for future generations, European Union explained series, 2013.

S. Ercolano, G. L. Gaeta, and O. Romano, Environmental tax reform and individual preferences: An empirical analysis on European micro data, Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics, vol.51, pp.1-11, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.socec.2014.02.008

R. S. Erikson, G. C. Wright, and J. P. Mciver, Statehouse democracy: public opinion and policy in the American states, 1993.
DOI : 10.1017/CBO9780511752933

S. Ferrari and F. Cribari-neto, Beta Regression for Modelling Rates and Proportions, Journal of Applied Statistics, vol.31, issue.7, pp.31-799, 2004.
DOI : 10.1080/0266476042000214501

Y. H. Farzin and C. A. Bond, Democracy and environmental quality, Journal of Development Economics, vol.81, issue.1, pp.213-235, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2005.04.003

A. Franzen, Environmental Attitudes in International Comparison: An Analysis of the ISSP Surveys 1993 and 2000*, Social Science Quarterly, vol.78, issue.2, pp.297-308, 1993.
DOI : 10.1177/00139169921972227

A. Franzen and R. Meyer, Environmental Attitudes in Cross-National Perspective: A Multilevel Analysis of the ISSP 1993 and 2000, European Sociological Review, vol.26, issue.2, pp.219-234, 1993.
DOI : 10.1093/esr/jcp018

S. Franzman and A. Kaiser, Locating Political Parties in Policy Space, Party Politics, vol.57, issue.2, pp.163-188, 2006.
DOI : 10.1177/1354068806061336

P. G. Fredriksson, E. Neumayer, R. Damania, and S. Gates, Environmentalism, democracy, and pollution control, Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, vol.49, issue.2, pp.343-365, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jeem.2004.04.004

P. G. Fredriksson and J. R. Wollscheid, Political Institutions, Political Careers and Environmental Policy, Kyklos, vol.41, issue.1, pp.54-73, 2014.
DOI : 10.1111/kykl.12043

B. S. Frey, Politico-economic models and cycles, Journal of Public Economics, vol.9, issue.2, pp.203-220, 1978.
DOI : 10.1016/0047-2727(78)90043-9

S. Garmann, Do government ideology and fragmentation matter for reducing CO2-emissions? Empirical evidence from OECD countries, Ecological Economics, vol.105, pp.1-10, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2014.05.011

E. L. Glaeser, The supply of environmentalism, p.56, 2014.
DOI : 10.3386/w19359

I. D. Groot, Trends in Public Attitudes Toward Air Pollution, Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association, vol.17, issue.10, pp.679-681, 1967.
DOI : 10.1080/00022470.1967.10469056

T. Hellwig, Constructing Accountability, Comparative Political Studies, vol.51, issue.1, pp.91-118, 2012.
DOI : 10.1017/CBO9780511818691

J. Horbach, Neue politischéZkonomie und Umweltpolitik, 1992.

R. Inglehart, The silent revolution, 1977.

R. Inglehart, Culture shift in advanced industrial society, 1990.

R. Inglehart, Public Support for Environmental Protection: Objective Problems and Subjective Values in 43 Societies, PS: Political Science & Politics, vol.28, issue.01, pp.57-72, 1995.
DOI : 10.2307/2944708

R. Inglehart, Modernization and postmodernization: cultural, economic, and political change in 43 societies International Institute for Sustainable Development, United Nations Environment Programme, Environment and trade: a handbook, 1997.

R. Kieschnick and B. D. Mccullough, Regression analysis of variates observed on (0, 1): percentages, proportions and fractions, Statistical Modelling, vol.3, issue.3, pp.193-213, 2003.
DOI : 10.1191/1471082X03st053oa

G. Kirchgässner and F. Schneider, On the Political Economy of Environmental Policy, Public Choice, vol.115, issue.3/4, pp.3-4, 2003.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1024289627887

H. D. Klingemann, R. Hofferbert, and . Budge, Parties policies and democracy, 1994.

K. W. Knight and B. L. Messer, Environmental Concern in Cross-National Perspective: The Effects of Affluence, Environmental Degradation, and World Society*, Social Science Quarterly, vol.16, issue.1, pp.521-537, 2012.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1540-6237.2012.00846.x

K. Lawson, Political parties and linkage: a comparative perspective, 1980.

K. D. Liere and R. E. Dunlap, The Social Bases of Environmental Concern: A Review of Hypotheses, Explanations and Empirical Evidence, Public Opinion Quarterly, vol.44, issue.2, pp.181-197, 1980.
DOI : 10.1086/268583

J. A. List and D. M. Sturm, How elections matter: Theory and evidence from environmental policy (No. w10609), National Bureau of Economic Research, 2004.

E. Magnani, The Environmental Kuznets Curve, environmental protection policy and income distribution, Ecological Economics, vol.32, issue.3, pp.431-443, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0921-8009(99)00115-9

A. M. Mccright and R. E. Dunlap, THE POLITICIZATION OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND POLARIZATION IN THE AMERICAN PUBLIC'S VIEWS OF GLOBAL WARMING, 2001-2010, Sociological Quarterly, vol.51, issue.2-3, pp.155-194, 2001.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1533-8525.2011.01198.x

A. M. Mccright, C. Xiao, and R. E. Dunlap, Political polarization on support for government spending on environmental protection in the USA, 1974???2012, Social Science Research, vol.48, pp.251-260, 1974.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2014.06.008

D. H. Meadows, E. I. Goldsmith, and P. Meadow, The limits to growth, 1972.

C. E. Netjes and H. A. Binnema, The salience of the European integration issue: Three data sources compared, Electoral Studies, vol.26, issue.1, pp.39-49, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.electstud.2006.04.007

J. D. Ogden, The future of the environmental struggle The Politics of Neglect: The Environmental Crisis, 1971.

B. I. Page and R. Y. Shapiro, Effects of Public Opinion on Policy, American Political Science Review, vol.22, issue.01, pp.175-190, 1983.
DOI : 10.2307/439647

T. Persson and G. E. Tabellini, Political economics: explaining economic policy, 2002.

T. Persson and G. E. Tabellini, The economic effects of constitutions, 2005.

A. Prakash and M. Potoski, Racing to the Bottom? Trade, Environmental Governance, and ISO 14001, American Journal of Political Science, vol.45, issue.2, pp.350-364, 2006.
DOI : 10.1111/j.0006-341X.2000.00645.x

A. Pickering and J. Rockey, Ideology and the Growth of Government, Review of Economics and Statistics, vol.117, issue.3, pp.907-919, 2011.
DOI : 10.1177/0010414003262068

D. W. Rae, A note on the fractionalization of some European party systems, Comparative Political Studies, vol.1, pp.413-418, 1968.

L. Ray, Validity of measured party positions on European integration: Assumptions, approaches, and a comparison of alternative measures, Electoral Studies, vol.26, issue.1, pp.11-22, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.electstud.2006.03.008

D. S. Rogers, Socioeconomic Equity and Sustainability, Global Environmental Change, vol.1, pp.933-941, 2014.
DOI : 10.1007/978-94-007-5784-4_62

W. W. Rostow, The process of economic growth, 1960.

I. Schumacher, An empirical study of the determinants of green party voting, Ipag Business School Working Papers Department of Research, pp.2014-2019, 2013.

L. A. Scruggs, Institutions and Environmental Performance in Seventeen Western Democracies, British Journal of Political Science, vol.29, issue.1, pp.1-31, 1999.
DOI : 10.1017/S0007123499000010

L. Scruggs and S. Benegal, Declining public concern about climate change: Can we blame the great recession?, Global Environmental Change, vol.22, issue.2, pp.505-515, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.01.002

J. J. Spoon, S. B. Hobolt, and C. E. Vries, Going green: Explaining issue competition on the environment, European Journal of Political Research, vol.24, issue.4, pp.363-380, 2014.
DOI : 10.1111/1475-6765.12032

J. J. Spoon and H. Klüver, Do parties respond? How electoral context influences party responsiveness, Electoral Studies, vol.35, pp.48-60, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.electstud.2014.04.014

URL : https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bamberg/frontdoor/index/index/docId/10596

K. Strom, A Behavioral Theory of Competitive Political Parties, American Journal of Political Science, vol.34, issue.2, pp.565-598, 1990.
DOI : 10.2307/2111461

D. Strömberg, Mass Media Competition, Political Competition, and Public Policy, Review of Economic Studies, vol.71, issue.1, pp.265-284, 2004.
DOI : 10.1111/0034-6527.00284

M. Tavits, Principle vs. Pragmatism: Policy Shifts and Political Competition, American Journal of Political Science, vol.5, issue.2, pp.151-165, 2007.
DOI : 10.2307/1952828

L. N. Tognacci, R. H. Weigel, M. F. Wideen, and D. T. Vernon, Environmental Quality: How Universal is Public Concern?, Environment and Behavior, vol.4, issue.1, pp.73-86, 1972.
DOI : 10.1177/001391657200400103

B. Torgler and M. A. Garcia-valiñas, The determinants of individuals' attitudes towards preventing environmental damage, Ecological Economics, vol.63, issue.2-3, pp.536-552, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2006.12.013

M. Torras and J. K. Boyce, Income, inequality, and pollution: a reassessment of the environmental Kuznets Curve, Ecological Economics, vol.25, issue.2, pp.147-160, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0921-8009(97)00177-8

J. K. Tremblay and R. E. Dunlap, Rural-urban residence and concern with environmental quality: a replication and extension, Rural Sociology, vol.43, issue.3, pp.474-491, 1977.

A. Volkens, P. Lehmann, N. Merz, S. Regel, A. Werner et al., Description of the Manifesto Data Set Full Dataset ? Version 2013b, Manifesto Project, Version 2013b, 2013.