E. Alberola and J. Chevallier, European carbon prices and banking restrictions: Evidence from phase i The Energy Journal, pp.51-79, 2005.

A. Banerjee, A. G. Chandrasekhar, E. Duflo, and M. O. Jackson, The Diffusion of Microfinance, Science, vol.341, issue.6144, p.1236498, 2013.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1236498

A. Barrat, M. Barthelemy, R. Pastor-satorras, and A. Vespignani, The architecture of complex weighted networks, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.101, issue.11, pp.3747-3752, 2004.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.0400087101

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00013475

S. Battiston, D. D. Gatti, M. Gallegati, B. Greenwald, and J. E. Stiglitz, Liaisons dangereuses: Increasing connectivity, risk sharing, and systemic risk, Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, vol.36, issue.8, pp.1121-1141, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jedc.2012.04.001

URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.626.396

S. Battiston, M. Puliga, R. Kaushik, P. Tasca, and G. Caldarelli, DebtRank: Too Central to Fail? Financial Networks, the FED and Systemic Risk, Scientific Reports, vol.86, 2012.
DOI : 10.1038/srep00541

P. Bonacich, Power and Centrality: A Family of Measures, American Journal of Sociology, vol.92, issue.5, pp.1170-1182, 1987.
DOI : 10.1086/228631

U. R. Centre, JI & CDM projects. [online; 2015-09-29, 2014.

A. Charles, O. Darné, and J. Fouilloux, Market efficiency in the European carbon markets, Energy Policy, vol.60, pp.785-792, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.enpol.2013.05.036

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00846679

M. Chinazzi, G. Fagiolo, J. A. Reyes, and S. Schiavo, Post-mortem examination of the international financial network, Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, vol.37, issue.8, pp.1692-1713, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jedc.2013.01.010

F. Convery, D. Ellerman, and C. De-perthuis, The European Carbon Market in Action: Lessons from the First Trading Period, Journal for European Environmental & Planning Law, vol.5, issue.2, pp.215-233, 2008.
DOI : 10.1163/161372708X324213

A. Creti, P. Jouvet, and V. Mignon, Carbon price drivers: Phase I versus Phase II equilibrium?, Energy Economics, vol.34, issue.1, pp.327-334, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.eneco.2011.11.001

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01385813

M. Duenas and G. Fagiolo, Global Trade Imbalances: A Network Approach, SSRN Electronic Journal, vol.17, p.1450014, 2014.
DOI : 10.2139/ssrn.2266320

URL : http://hdl.handle.net/10419/89513

A. D. Ellerman, Pricing carbon: the European Union emissions trading scheme, 2010.
DOI : 10.1017/CBO9781139042765

A. D. Ellerman and A. Decaux, Analysis of post-kyoto co2 emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998.

A. D. Ellerman and P. L. Joskow, The European Union's emissions trading system in perspective, 2008.

. European-commission, . Eu, . Handbook, and . Brussels, clima/publications/docs/ets_ handbook_en.pdf European CouncilEC: Council Decision of 15 December 1993 concerning the conclusion of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change . URL http, pp.31994-0069, 1993.

E. Council, URL http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_PRES-98-205_ en.pdf European ParliamentEC of the European Parliament and the Council of 13 October 2003 establishing a scheme for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the Community and amending Council Directive 96, pp.16-1702003, 1998.

M. Firgo, D. Pennerstorfer, and C. R. Weiss, Centrality and pricing in spatially differentiated markets: The case of gasoline, International Journal of Industrial Organization, vol.40, pp.81-90, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijindorg.2015.03.009

L. C. Freeman, Centrality in social networks conceptual clarification, Social Networks, vol.1, issue.3, pp.215-239, 1979.
DOI : 10.1016/0378-8733(78)90021-7

M. S. Handcock, D. R. Hunter, C. T. Butts, S. M. Goodreau, and M. Morris, statnet: Software tools for the Statistical Modeling of Network Data, 2003.

W. Härdle and A. Kirman, Nonclassical demand, Journal of Econometrics, vol.67, issue.1, pp.227-257, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0304-4076(94)01634-C

B. Hintermann, Allowance price drivers in the first phase of the EU ETS, Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, vol.59, issue.1, pp.43-56, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jeem.2009.07.002

G. Iori, G. De-masi, O. V. Precup, G. Gabbi, and G. Caldarelli, A network analysis of the Italian overnight money market, Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, vol.32, issue.1, pp.259-278, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jedc.2007.01.032

J. Jaraite, T. Jong, A. Ka?ukauskas, A. Zaklan, and A. Zeitlberger, Ownership links and enhanced eutl dataset, p.29, 2013.

J. Jaraite and A. Ka?ukauskas, Firm Trading Behaviour and Transaction Costs in the European Union???s Emission Trading System: An Empirical Assessment, CERE-the Center for Environmental and Resource Economics, 2012.
DOI : 10.2139/ssrn.2013891

L. Katz, A new status index derived from sociometric analysis, Psychometrika, vol.13, issue.1, pp.39-43, 1953.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02289026

N. Koch, S. Fuss, G. Grosjean, and O. Edenhofer, Causes of the EU ETS price drop: Recession, CDM, renewable policies or a bit of everything????New evidence, Energy Policy, vol.73, pp.676-685, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.enpol.2014.06.024

G. Kossinets and D. J. Watts, Empirical Analysis of an Evolving Social Network, Science, vol.311, issue.5757, pp.88-90, 2006.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1116869

R. Martin, M. Muûls, and U. J. Wagner, Trading behavior in the eu emissions trading scheme, 2014.

S. Maslov and K. Sneppen, Specificity and Stability in Topology of Protein Networks, Science, vol.296, issue.5569, pp.910-913, 2002.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1065103

V. Medina, ´. A. Pardo, and R. Pascual, The timeline of trading frictions in the European carbon market, Energy Economics, vol.42, pp.378-394, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.eneco.2014.01.008

L. Page, S. Brin, R. Motwani, and T. Winograd, The pagerank citation ranking: bringing order to the web, 1999.

F. Palao and A. Pardo, Assessing price clustering in European Carbon Markets, Applied Energy, vol.92, pp.51-56, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.10.022

P. Panzarasa, T. Opsahl, and K. M. Carley, Patterns and dynamics of users' behavior and interaction: Network analysis of an online community, Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, vol.25, issue.10, pp.911-932, 2009.
DOI : 10.1002/asi.21015

M. Puliga, G. Caldarelli, and S. Battiston, Credit Default Swaps networks and systemic risk, Scientific Reports, vol.104, 2014.
DOI : 10.1038/srep06822

URL : http://doi.org/10.1038/srep06822

S. B. Seidman, Network structure and minimum degree, Social Networks, vol.5, issue.3, pp.269-287, 1983.
DOI : 10.1016/0378-8733(83)90028-X

R. N. Stavins, Transaction Costs and Tradeable Permits, Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, vol.29, issue.2, pp.133-148, 1995.
DOI : 10.1006/jeem.1995.1036

A. Vignes and J. Etienne, Price formation on the Marseille fish market: Evidence from a network analysis, Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, vol.80, issue.1, pp.50-67, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jebo.2011.07.003

S. Wasserman and K. Faust, Social network analysis: Methods and applications, 1994.
DOI : 10.1017/CBO9780511815478

A. Zaklan and . Berlin, Why Do Emitters Trade Carbon Permits? Firm-Level Evidence from the European Emission Trading Scheme, SSRN Electronic Journal, p.31, 2013.
DOI : 10.2139/ssrn.2239656